emerged some of the first muslim states outside the caliphate. it is also regarded as the beginning of moroccan independence, as morocco would never again come under the rule of an eastern caliph or any other foreign power until the th century. it was followed by the collapse of umayyad authority in al-andalus...
after the reconquista and expulsion of non-christians and moriscos from spain, many spanish muslims and jews also arrived. according to matthew carr, "as many as eighty thousand moriscos settled in tunisia, most of them in and around the capital, tunis, which still contains a quarter known as zuqaq al-andalus...
part of the historiographically known as the gothic and hispanic marches, a buffer zone in the south of the frankish empire in the former province of septimania and in the northeast of the iberian peninsula, to act as a defensive barrier for the frankish empire against further muslim invasions from al-andalus...